利用TM图象监测水土流失变化及对策分析

<正> 水土保持作为国土整治的重要内容,已经引起全社会越来越多的重视。然而,不少地方由于人类不合理生产活动的破坏,不仅抵消了水土保持治理效果,而且水土流失进一步加剧。开展水土流失调查和监测,及时掌握水土流失变化情况,对加强水土流失的预防、保护、监督及管理,有效地减少和控制水土流失的发生和发展,贯彻落实水土保持法,具有十分重要的意义。     

行程速比系数K≥3时曲柄摇杆机构的解析法设计

论证曲柄摇杆机构的极位夹角θ取值范围为0°～180°,其相应的行程速比系数k为1～∞,为设计k≥3的曲柄摇杆机构提供了理论依据;给出当k≥3时,按不同条件设计曲柄摇杆机构的解析方法,并提出按工作行程中的最小传动角来校验曲柄摇杆机构的传力性能。     

Novel organized growth and somatic variation of Nicotiana bonariensis protoplast-derived colonies: Transmission to regenerated plants

Mesophyll protoplasts isolated from leaves of axenic shoot cultures of Nicotiana bonariensis underwent sustained cell division and concomitant novel cellular organizational patterns when cultured in liquid Murashige and Skoog medium (1962) containing 2.0 mg 1^?1 naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 0.5 mg 1^?1 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and 9% mannitol. The novel patterns were leaf-like and embryo-like structures which resumed unorganized callus growth prior to shoot regeneration. In addition, the presence or absence of anthocyanin and of chlorophyll pigmentation in the protoplast-derived colonies was also observed. The variation in either presence or absence of anthocyanin in protoplast-derived colonies is restored as anthocyanin synthesis in the regenerated plants. However, the variation for chlorophyll pigmentation observed at the colony stage was transmitted as differences in morphology in the regenerated plants. The mode of shoot regeneration of N. bonariensis protoplasts and the potential value of somatic variants are discussed.     

用拓扑变换对空间连杆机构按极限位置和行程速比的综合

空间两轴垂直交叉的RSSR曲柄摇杆机构和RSSP曲柄滑块机构,是空间连杆机构中应用最广泛的四连杆机构。本文运用拓扑变换原理,对RSSR和RSSP这两种机构,按极限位置和行程速比的综合进行了分析研究。导出了其尺寸参数的计算公式,并提出了电子计算机辅助设计和绘图的程序框图,以定量的方法分析设计机构的可动性,这一方法具有图文并茂,形数结合,结论准确,容易理解等特点,编成软件后,使用极其方便。因而,是一种较为理想的方法。可供有条件的单位应用。     

三种草坪草净光合速率和蒸腾速率的日变化特点研究

研究了在晴天的条件下，假俭草、细叶结缕草和地毯草净光合速率和蒸腾整编的日变化特点。结果表明：（1）假俭草和细叶绍缕草的净光合速率的日变化曲线均为双峰型，而地毯草为三峰型，3种草出现峰值的时间不同，均有明显的“午睡”现象，日平均净光全速率的大小顺序为俭草＞地毯草＞细叶结缕草；（2）假俭草和细叶结缕草的蒸腾速率的日变化曲线均为双峰型,而地毯草为单峰型，3种草出现峰值的时间有所判差别，“午睡”现象均不明显，日平均蒸腾速率的大小顺序为细叶绍缕草＞地毯草＞假俭草；（3）不同生态因子与3种草坪草净光合速率、蒸腾速率的相关程度均不相等。同种态因子与不同草坪草的净光合速率、蒸腾速率的相关程度也不一样。     

毛百合地理变异规律的研究

分布在不同气候区的毛百合在生长、形态性状及繁殖特性上均存在着显著差异。其性状指标基本上随纬度减少而增加．随经度的增加而增加、大致呈经、纬度双向渐变规律。据此规律、毛百合在温暖、湿润的长白山、张广才岭等气候条件下生长较快。花朵、果实较大、种子千粒重大、观赏性状表现好：在气候寒冷、干燥的大、小兴安岭气候条件下以上性状均表现较差。不同种源毛百合种子的萌发率为大兴安岭的种子萌发最快．随着纬度的降低、萌发速度由北向南呈现出逐渐减慢的趋势、经过氧化物同功酶测定表明．不同产地毛百合性状上的差异不仅受环境因子的影响。也可能受某种遗传因子的影响。     

我国无核柑桔类型选育研究进展——文献综述

综述了国内无核柑桔类型选育研究进展。通过芽变、实生选种及诱变育种等手段，我国已先后获得了１１９个无核或少类类型的柑桔品种（品系），涉及柑桔属的主要栽培种类和金柑属、黄皮属。芽变选种和实生选种为获得无核或少核类型的有效途径。大多数无核变异与花粉育性下降有关，胚囊败育、倍性变异及自交不亲和也是造成无核的原因。细胞工程技术为培育无核柑桔类型开展了一条新途径。     

凤尾桑及其芽变品系间遗传变异的ISSR分析

利用ISSR引物,从分子水平分析了凤尾桑及其芽变株系的遗传变异。从8个ISSR引物扩增结果来看,3个引物的扩增产物在株系间无差异,从变异株系扩增条带来看,凤尾芽变变异最大。本结果从分子水平证明了芽变株系的遗传结构差异。     

Variation in intrinsic individual growth rate among populations of leatherside chub (Snyderichthys copei Jordan & Gilbert): adaptation to temperature or length of growing season?

Abstract –  Leatherside chub ( Snyderichthyes copei Jordan & Gilbert) comprises two lineages (northern and southern) whose centres of geographical range differ by about 3° latitude corresponding to about 30% shorter growing season and about 2 °C lower mean temperature during the growing season. We document patterns of variation in size-at-age among populations of leatherside chub in nature, and we test for variation in intrinsic growth rate of juvenile chub in a common-environment experiment to determine if lineages exhibit different intrinsic growth rates. Northern leatherside chubs at ages 1–3 were about 15% shorter in length compared with southern populations. Variation in hatching date or age at maturity could not account for differences in growth and body size, suggesting that temperature-specific intrinsic growth rates differed among populations. Based on a common environment experiment, we found that reaction norms for temperature-specific growth in length and mass were crossed. At the lower temperature, individuals from the north exhibited higher intrinsic growth in length, and at the higher temperature individuals from the south exhibited higher intrinsic growth in mass. Crossing reaction norms for temperature-specific intrinsic growth rates support a model of local adaptation to thermal regime.     

关于随机小修费用模型的最优维修策略

采用变分方法考察了具有随机小费用的可修模型的维修策略问题，推导出了依赖年龄的最倨费用界维修策略所满足的微分方程及其边界条件。从而得到了费用界策略形式下的最优。对于包含预防性更换的可修模型也同样得到了费用界－预更换策略形式下的最优解。